please assist with recommendations and conclusion

1. Lessons learnt based on PPP project fundamentals for the Nairobi City Council
   1. Effective Collaboration and Partnership

Based on PPP project fundamentals, several important lessons can be drawn from TransMilenio's experience for the Nairobi City Council. The purpose of these lessons is to guide the Council in their pursuit of developing an effective public transportation system.

PPPs bring together the public sector and the private sector in a medium to long-term relationship that enables the parties combine their skills to serve the needs and interests of the public (Grimsey and Lewis, 2004).

Gmez-Lobo & Gutirrez, (2003) is of the view that the success of TransMilenio was attributed to the effective collaboration and partnership between the public and private sectors. The involvement of the private sector brought technical knowledge, innovative solutions, and efficiency in operations, while the public sector provided the necessary regulatory framework, infrastructure, and public interest considerations. By establishing collaborative relationships with private entities, the Nairobi City Council can leverage the expertise and resources of both sectors in the development of its public transportation system.

Engaging private entities in the planning, financing; construction and operating the facilities can bring new perspectives, technical knowledge, and innovative approaches to address complex transportation challenges.

Furthermore, effective collaboration and partnership can lead to the sharing of risks and rewards, ensuring a balanced distribution of responsibilities. Through clear contractual arrangements and transparent decision-making processes, the Nairobi City Council can foster an environment of trust and cooperation between the public and private sectors

1. Proactive Planning and Continuous Monitoring

Gmez-Lobo & Gutirrez, (2003), indicated that in order to accommodate the dynamic nature of urban transportation, proactive planning and continuous monitoring are important. The Nairobi City Council should adopt a proactive approach in anticipating future needs and take into account evolving user preferences. Continuous monitoring will assist in identifying issues in a timely manner and enable the organisation to make the necessary amendments. Gmez-Lobo & Gutirrez, (2003) describe proactive planning as elements of conducting detailed research, evaluating the current and future transportation needs, and therefore integrating long-term development plans.

By considering factors such as population growth and urban expansion, the Nairobi City Council can develop a system that is resilient and adaptable. Continuous monitoring is also important for identifying potential issues and making timely adjustments. This can be achieved through the collection and analysis of customer feedback. By monitoring the feedback provided by customers on a regular basis, the Council can identify system bottlenecks and therefore take the necessary actions to enhance the service quality and efficiency. By adopting a proactive planning approach and implementing a robust system of continuous monitoring, the Nairobi City Council can optimize the performance of its public transportation system and enhance the overall experience for its users.

1. Integrated Urban Planning

According to (Montoya & Burdett, 2005), Integrated planning plays a significant role in enhancing an efficient public transportation system. The Nairobi City Council should prioritize the integration of different transport modes, to ensure seamless connectivity and enhance the overall efficiency of the system. Montoya & Burdett, (2005) is of the view that the Nairobi City Council can develop a transportation system that optimizes connectivity and enhances overall efficiency by simply prioritizing an integrated urban planning. This will therefore encompasses considering the interconnectivity between different modes of transportation.

Integrated Planning: The project involved meticulous planning, taking into account not only transportation aspects but also urban development and land use planning. This holistic approach ensured that the BRT system integrated seamlessly with the city's infrastructure. By prioritizing comprehensive and integrated urban planning, the Nairobi City Council can develop an efficient and interconnected transportation system that enhances accessibility, improves mobility, and promotes sustainable urban development in the city.

Furthermore, it is quite important for the Nairobi City Council to invest in proper maintenance and expansion of transport infrastructure. Inadequate and poorly maintained infrastructure was identified as one of the main causes of urban public transport problems in Nairobi. By investing in infrastructure development and regular maintenance, the City Council can effectively manage bottlenecks and enhance the overall efficiency of the transportation system.

1. Engaging Key Stakeholders

Engaging key stakeholders which is inclusive of the community is another crucial aspect. According to Gmez-Lobo & Gutirrez, (2003), TransMilenio faced challenges in integrating with the informal operators. The Nairobi City Council should strive to engage and incorporate informal operators into the formalized transportation system, providing them with opportunities to collaborate and benefit from the project. The Nairobi City Council should actively involve citizens, transport operators, and other key stakeholders in the planning and decision-making processes. This includes consulting with the informal sector to ensure their voices are heard and their expertise is considered in shaping the transportation system.

Lastly, the City Council should prioritize affordability and accessibility of public transportation. The Nairobi City Council must ensure that the proposed Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system remains accessible and affordable for the majority of the population, particularly those who rely on public transportation the most.