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5d136e15311f9eb1b892e2fc87a60943d161bf0f low age lwt race smoke ptl ht ui ftv bwt 0 19 182 2 0 0 0 1 0 2523 0 33 155 3 0 0 0 0 3 2551 0 20 105 1 1 0 0 0 1 2557 0 21 108 1 1 0 0 1 2 2594 0 18 107 1 1 0 0 1 0 2600 0 21 124 3 0 0 0 0 0 2622 0 22 118 1 0 0 0 0 1 2637 0 17 103 3 0 0 0 0 1 2637 0 29 123 1 1 0 0 0 1 2663 0 26 113 1 1 0 0 0 0 2665 0 19 95 3 0 0 0 0 0 2722 0 19 150 3 0 0 0 0 1 2733 0 22 95 3 0 0 1 0 0 2751 0 30 107 3 0 1 0 1 2 2750 0 18 100 1 1 0 0 0 0 2769 0 18 100 1 1 0 0 0 0 2769 0 15 98 2 0 0 0 0 0 2778 0 25 118 1 1 0 0 0 3 2782 0 20 120 3 0 0 0 1 0 2807 0 28 120 1 1 0 0 0 1 2821 0 32 121 3 0 0 0 0 2 2835 0 31 100 1 0 0 0 1 3 2835 0 36 202 1 0 0 0 0 1 2836 0 28 120 3 0 0 0 0 0 2863 0 25 120 3 0 0 0 1 2 2877 0 28 167 1 0 0 0 0 0 2877 0 17 122 1 1 0 0 0 0 2906 0 29 150 1 0 0 0 0 2 2920 0 26 168 2 1 0 0 0 0 2920 0 17 113 2 0 0 0 0 1 2920 0 17 113 2 0 0 0 0 1 2920 0 24 90 1 1 1 0 0 1 2948 0 35 121 2 1 1 0 0 1 2948 0 25 155 1 0 0 0 0 1 2977 0 25 125 2 0 0 0 0 0 2977 0 29 140 1 1 0 0 0 2 2977 0 19 138 1 1 0 0 0 2 2977 0 27 124 1 1 0 0 0 0 2922 0 31 215 1 1 0 0 0 2 3005 0 33 109 1 1 0 0 0 1 3033 0 21 185 2 1 0 0 0 2 3042 0 19 189 1 0 0 0 0 2 3062 0 23 130 2 0 0 0 0 1 3062 0 21 160 1 0 0 0 0 0 3062 0 18 90 1 1 0 0 1 0 3062 0 18 90 1 1 0 0 1 0 3062 0 32 132 1 0 0 0 0 4 3080 0 19 132 3 0 0 0 0 0 3090 0 24 115 1 0 0 0 0 2 3090 0 22 85 3 1 0 0 0 0 3090 0 22 120 1 0 0 1 0 1 3100 0 23 128 3 0 0 0 0 0 3104 Page 1 5d136e15311f9eb1b892e2fc87a60943d161bf0f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 30 19 16 21 30 20 17 17 23 24 28 26 20 24 28 20 22 22 31 23 16 16 18 25 32 20 23 22 32 30 20 23 17 19 23 36 22 24 21 19 25 16 29 29 19 19 30 24 19 24 23 20 130 95 115 110 110 153 103 119 119 119 110 140 133 169 115 250 141 158 112 150 115 112 135 229 140 134 121 190 131 170 110 127 123 120 105 130 175 125 133 134 235 95 135 135 154 147 147 137 110 184 110 110 120 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 6 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3132 3147 3175 3175 3203 3203 3203 3225 3225 3232 3232 3234 3260 3274 3274 3303 3317 3317 3317 3321 3331 3374 3374 3402 3416 3430 3444 3459 3460 3473 3544 3487 3544 3572 3572 3586 3600 3614 3614 3629 3629 3637 3643 3651 3651 3651 3651 3699 3728 3756 3770 3770 3770 Page 2 5d136e15311f9eb1b892e2fc87a60943d161bf0f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 30 22 18 16 32 18 29 33 20 28 14 28 25 16 20 26 21 22 25 31 35 19 24 45 28 29 34 25 25 27 23 24 24 21 32 19 25 16 25 20 21 24 21 20 25 19 19 26 24 17 20 22 241 112 169 120 170 186 120 130 117 170 134 135 130 120 95 158 160 115 129 130 120 170 120 116 123 120 130 187 105 85 150 97 128 132 165 105 91 115 130 92 150 200 155 103 125 89 102 112 117 138 130 120 130 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 4 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 1 3790 3799 3827 3856 3860 3860 3884 3884 3912 3940 3941 3941 3969 3983 3997 3997 4054 4054 4111 4153 4167 4174 4238 4593 4990 709 1021 1135 1330 1474 1588 1588 1701 1729 1790 1818 1885 1893 1899 1928 1928 1928 1936 1970 2055 2055 2082 2084 2084 2100 2125 2126 2187 Page 3 5d136e15311f9eb1b892e2fc87a60943d161bf0f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 20 17 25 20 18 18 20 21 26 31 15 23 20 24 15 23 30 22 17 23 17 26 20 26 14 28 14 23 17 21 130 80 110 105 109 148 110 121 100 96 102 110 187 122 105 115 120 142 130 120 110 120 154 105 190 101 95 100 94 142 130 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 1 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2187 2211 2225 2240 2240 2282 2296 2296 2301 2325 2353 2353 2367 2381 2381 2381 2410 2410 2410 2414 2424 2438 2442 2450 2466 2466 2466 2495 2495 2495 2495 Page 4 Problem 2 (20 points). To study the relationship between birth weight and variables such as mother's age and smoking status, data on 189 subjects were obtained. The dataset is available on class webpage. The variables in the dataset are dened as follows: low: indicator of birth weight less than 2.5 kg (1=low birth weight, 0=otherwise). age: mother's age in years. lwt: mother's weight in pounds at last menstrual period. race: mother's race (1 = white, 2 = black, 3 = other). smoke: smoking status during pregnancy (1=smoking, 0=non-smoking). ptl: number of previous premature labours. ht: history of hypertension. ui: presence of uterine irritability. ftv: number of physician visits during the first trimester. bwt: birth weight in grams. Analyze this dataset by answering the following questions: (a) (10 pts) (i) Draw a side-byside boxplot of birth weights for smokers and non-smokers. By looking at the boxplot, do you think there may be signicant differences in birth weights between the two groups? (ii) Test if there is a signicant difference in birth weights between smokers and non-smokers using three methods (use R software): t-test, Wilcoxon test, and permutation test, and state your overall conclusions. (b) (10 pts) (1) Draw a histogram of birth weights for all subjects. Does it look normally distributed? If not, would a transformation of the data make normality more reasonable? (ii) Draw a Q-Q plot of the birth weights for all subjects. Does it look normally distributed? (iii) Perform a X2-test to test if the birth weights for all subjects are normally distributed. You may divide the data into 10 intervals of equal width, and use a signicance level 0.05