please help answer all 3 questins

4. Equations 8-11 outline how to perform error propagation for addition (x=a+b+c), multiplication (x=abc), exponential (x=ay), and logarithmic(x=log(a)) operations x=a2+b2+c2xx=(aa)2+(bb)2+(bb)2xx=y(aa)x=0.434(aa) where a,b, and c are measured variables with defined standard deviations a,b, and c. For the following problems, propagate all errors. (a) The concentration of hydrogen ions found in the coffee rumored to be in 106 Stanley was found to be (1.410.05)105M. What is its pH ? (b) The supposed morning snacks' shapes can be modeled by a torus (but not if they are jelly-filled!) with V=(2R)(r2), where r is the minor radius and R is the major radius. If r=0.750.03 in and R=1.00.1in, what is its volume? (c) The uncertainty of a measured value can be written as xx. Given a torus with an uncertainty in the minor radius of 7%, what is the uncertainty of the volume, in percent? The major radius has no uncertainty. Hint: x is simply a discretized change. If the uncertainty of the major radius was instead 7\% (no uncertainty in the minor radius), does the uncertainty in the volume change? Provide your reasoning