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CASE INCIDENT 2 Intragroup Trust and Survival When 10 British Army soldiers on a 10-day training exer and low level of communication, however, trust issues cise descended into Low's Gully, a narrow chasm that cuts divided the group into subgroups. The initial reconnais- through Mt. Kinabalu in Borneo, each knew the golden sance party established common ground and trust that al- rule for such expeditionsnever split up." Yet, the fit lowed them to complete the mission and reach safety, even test three struggled out of the jungle with a concussion, though they divided yet again. Meanwhile, the main group malaria, and infected wounds 19 days later, two more terri that stayed with the leaders in the cave under conditions of bly ill soldiers found a village the next day; and the remain active distrust fractured further. ing five emaciated and injured men were rescued from a We will never know whether it would have been better cave by a helicopter on day 33. What happened? to keep the group together. However, we do know that this On a surface level, the near-tragic fracturing of the small group of soldiers trained to stay together for survival group began with a logical division of labor, according fractured into at least four subgroups because they didn't to the training's initiators, Lieutenant Colonel Neill and trust their leaders or their group, endangering all their lives. Major Foster: Because the group would be one of mixed abilities, and Questions the young British and NCOs (non-commissioned officers] 9-31. The review board blamed Neill and Foster. Was were likely to be fitter and more experienced than the this a fair conclusion? Where should blame be Hong Kong soldiers, the team would work in two halves on apportioned under the circumstances? the harder phases of the descent. The British, taking ad 9-32. Discuss the group properties presented in this vantage of Mayfield's expertise in rock climbing), would chapter and use them to evaluate the failure of this set up ropes on the difficult sections, while he [Neill] and group Foster would concentrate on bringing the Hong Kong 9-33. When the exercise was designed, Neill created soldiers down. Every now and then the recce (reconnais- a buddy system based on similarity of soldiers' sance) party would report back, and the expedition would backgrounds (rank, unit, age, fitness, skills level). go on down in one unit until another reconnaissance party became necessary. The first group out of the jungle were assigned buddies and one other: two lance corporals and The men reported that from then on, perilous climb one corporal from the same unit (regular army); ing conditions, debilitating sickness, and monsoon rains ages 2426 with good fitness levels; all top roping permanently divided the group. A review board found and abseiling (TR&A) instructors. The second differently, blaming Neill's and Foster's leadership and group out were assigned buddies: a sergeant and their decision to take some less-experienced soldiers on a lance corporal from the same unit (elite regular the exercise. army); ages 25 and 37; good fitness levels; both No rulings were made about the nearcatastrophic with Commando Brigade skills. The group left in decision to divide the group, but closer inquiries show that the cave split into: a lieutenant colonel and a ma- this temporary workgroup of diverse members who were jor (buddies); one from the regular army and one not previously acquainted started out with a high level of from the part time territorial army; ages 46 and 54; intragroup trust that dissolved over time. The resulting fair fitness level; one TR&A and one ski instructor. faultlines, based on members' similarities and differences The second faction was the three from the Hong and the establishment of ad hoc leaders, may have been Kong unita lance corporal and two privates, all inevitable. from the Hong Kong unit; ages 2432; fair to good Initially, all group members shared the common ground fitness levels; one with jungle training and two of soldier training, clear roles, and volunteer commitment novices. Would you have set up the buddy system to the mission. When the leaders ignored the soldiers' con Neill did? Why or why not, and if not, what would cerns about the severity of conditions, lack of preparation, you have changed