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B-14 2. There are lines that do not come close to matching any of the calculated lines in Table I. What are these lines likely due to? (0.5 mark) II. Flame Tests The energy of particles in a flame at a temperature T might be described by a distribution similar to that shown in Fig 4.13 of Silberberg. Temperature can be converted to energy (and thereby velocity) using the gas constant R = 8.3145 J mol- K-1. 1. The measured temperature in the hottest part of a Bunsen burner was 869 .C. Let us approximate thermal energy in the flame by RT (squiggly lines mean approximately) where T is in degree Kelvin: thermal energy ~ RT Calculate RT in kJ / mol when T = 869 .C. (1 mark) 2. The first ionization energy for Li is 5.20 x 102 kJ/mol and the second ionization energy is 7.29 x 10' KJ/mol. Assume that your Bunsen burner reached 869 .C, and that nearly all of Li atoms heated in your Bunsen burner had energies LESS than 4 x RT. Explain why you would or would not expect significant ionization in the flame? (1 mark) Continued on next pageB-16 (a) For Smartie #1, based on the observation sheet, what was the colour of the coating and what was the colour of the solution? (0.5 mark) (b) Compare the spectrum of Smartie #1 to the colours on the artist's wheel of Fig 24.15 in the textbook. In that spectrum, which colours were absorbed and which were transmitted? Explain briefly. (1 mark) (c) For Smartie #2, based on the observation sheet, what was the colour of the coating and what was the colour of the solution? (0.5 mark) (d) Compare the spectrum of Smartie #2 to the colours on the artist's wheel of Fig 24.15 in the textbook. In that spectrum, which colours were absorbed and which were transmitted? Explain briefly. (1 mark) (e) The textbook specifies several possible reasons for an object to show a particular colour. From your answers to (b) and (d) what determined the colours of the solutions? (1 mark)B-2 USEFUL CONSTANTS AND RELATIONSHIPS Review your textbook if you are unfamiliar with any of the following: Constant symbol unit or value Wavelength meters Frequency V cycles per second, Hz Speed of light C 2.998 x 108 m s Plank's constant h 6.626 x 10-34 J s Nuclear charge Z a v = c (1) Ephoton = h v = hc/2 (2 ) Other terms and concepts you should recall are mole to entity calculations, Avogadro's number, and SI units and prefixes. Figure 6.3 of the textbook shows that wavelengths of the visible spectrum increase in the order: violet (purplish)