please help me understand the formulas!

(Profitablity and capital structure analysis) - In the year just ended, Callaway Lighting had sales of $5,070,000 and incurred cost of goods sold equal to 54,500,000. The firm's cperating expenses were $126,000 and is increase in retained earnings was $41,000 for the year. There are currently 104,000 common-stock shares outstanding and the firm pays a $1.829 dividend pet share. The firm has $1,090,000 in interest-bearing debt on which it pays 8 . 1 porcent intprest: a. Assuming the firn's earnings are taxed at 35 percent, construct the firm's income statement b. Calculate the fim's operating profit margin and net proft margin. c. Compute the tmes interest eamed ratio. What does this ratio tell you about Callaway's ablity to pay its interest expense? d. What is the firmis return on equity? a. Assuming the fam's eamings are taxed at 35%, construct the firmis income statement. Complete the income statement below. (Round to the neavest dolar)