please help me with those questions

b) What layer would information theory and coding theory apply to? c) What is an "adapter" (and why the name "adapter")? Give an example of an adapter. d) How many adapters would an intermediate node have in it? e) What is a protocol as defined by the textbook? f) Fill in the blanks in the following, "... the source break long messages into smaller of data and knows as textbook) g) Why have packet switching (that is, what is the primary benefit of packet switching over circuit and (for which there are two predominant types, travels through communications _switches)." (from the Between eac and switching) h) Name three standards groups that have a focus on networking standards i) When was the first web browser made available to the general public and what was is called? j) There are four factors to delay. Which factor do you think would be dominant when communicating from Earth to Mars