Please help with the programming exercises:

1.) Given the following Ruby multi-way selection statement, using the best available construct, write an equivalent code in Python:

leap = case

when year % 400 == 0 then true

when year % 100 == 0 then false

else year % 4 == 0

end

-----

2.) Write a C/C++ history-sensitive function that keeps track of how many times the function has been called.

-----

3.) Consider rules for valid identifiers in the Python language: an identifier must start with a letter or underscore, followed by any combination of letters, numbers or underscore.

a.) Design and draw a state diagram that accepts Python identifiers

b.) Provide a BNF that would accept the same Python identifiers.