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Case Study The Oil Rig JOANNE B. CIULLA This description focuses on one of the three exploratory rigs which have been drilling for several years along the coast of Angola, under contract to a major U.S. multinational oil company. All three rigs are owned and operated by a large U.S. drilling company. The Explorer IV" rig is a relatively small jack-up (i.e., with legs) with dimensions of approximately 200 ft. by 100 ft which houses a crew of 150 men. The crew comprises laborers, roustabouts (unskilled laborers) and maintenance staff, and 30 expatriate workers who work as roughnecks, drillers or in administrative or technical positions. The top administrator on the Explorer IV is the "tool pusher," an American Expat, who wields almost absolute authority over matters pertaining to life on the rig. The crew quarters on the Explorer IV were modified for operations in Angola. A second galley was installed on the lower level and cabins on the upper level were enlarged to permit a dormitory style arrangement of 16 persons per room. The lower level is the "Angolan section" of the rig, where the 120 local workers eat, sleep, and socialize during their 28-day "hitch." The upper level houses the 30 Expats in an area equal in square footage to that of the Angolan section. The Expat section's quarters are semi-private with baths and this section boasts its own galley, game room and movie room. Although it is nowhere explicitly written, a tacit regulation exists prohibiting Angolan workers from entering the Expat section of the rig, except in emer- gencies. The only Angolans exempt from this regulation are those assigned to the highly valued positions of cleaning or galley staff in the Expat section. These few positions are highly valued because of the potential for receiving gifts or recovering discarded razors, etc., from the Expats. The separation of Angolan workers from Expats is reinforced by several other rig policies. Angolan laborers travel to and from the rig by boat (an From Business Ethics Module, 1990, pages 13-14, by Dr. Joanne B. Ciulla, University of Kutoond. Reprinted with permission 221 222 Purr 2 PROPERTY, PROFIT, AND JUSTICE operation performed on the rig by a medic. virtually gourmet medical attention is dispensed by the British R.N. throughout the day for eighteen-hour trip) whereas the Expats are transported by helicopter. Also, gencies). When there are serious injuries, the response is different for the Expats, but only during shift changes for the Angolans (except in emer- two groups. If, for example, a finger is severed, Expats are rushed to Luanda for reconstructive surgery, whereas Angolan workers have the amputation Angolan workers are issued grey overalls and Expats receive red cover- alls. Meals in the two galleys are vastly different; they are in the Expat galley and somewhat more proletarian in the Angolan section. The caterers informed the southorinhaumbers se vlay: budgets were nearby disparity served). Communication between Expats and Angolans is notable by its absence on the Explorer IV. This is principally because none of the Expats speaks Portuguese and none of the Angolans speaks more than a few words of Eng. and Portuguese, and consequently, he is required to act as interpreter in all lish. Only the chef of the Portuguese catering company speaks both English emergency situations. In the working environment, training and coordina tion of effort is accomplished via sign language or repetition of example, From time to time an entourage of Angolan government officials visits the Explorer IV. These visits normally last only for an hour or so, but in- variably, the officials dine with the Expats and take a brief tour of the equip ment before returning to shore via helicopter. Never has an entourage expressed concern about the disparity in living conditions on the rig, nor have the officials bothered to speak with the Angolan workers. Observers comment that the officials seem disinterested in the situation of the An- golan workers, most of whom are from outside the capital city. The rig's segregated environment is little affected by the presence of an American black. The American black is assigned to the Expat section and is of course, permitted to partake of all Expat privileges. Nevertheless, it should be noted that there are few American blacks in the international drilling business and those few are frequently less than completely wet a comed into the rig's social activities. 2. What main questida are we trying to answer in this case study? 3. Answer this main question using Marx, Rawls, and Nozick: a. How would Marx answer this question? Use Marx's principle of "From each according to ability, to each according to need." b. How would Rawls answer this question? Use Rawls' "Veil of Ignorance" and his Two Principles of Justice c. How would Nozick answer this question? Use Nozick's critique of "End-State Distributions and his Entitlement Theory