PLEASE PROVIDE A FORMULA

Determine the tax liability for tax year $2021$ in each of the following instances. In each case, assume the taxpayer can take only the standard deduction.

Use the appropriate Tax Tables and Tax Rate Schedules.

A single taxpayer, not head of household, with AGI of $$25,193$ and one dependent.

A single taxpayer, not head of household, with AGI of $$195,317$ and no dependents.

Note: Round your intermediate computations to $2$ decimal places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount.

A married couple filing jointly with AGI of $$41,645$ and two dependents.

A married couple filing jointly with AGI of $$163,988$ and three dependents.

Note: Round your intermediate computations to $2$ decimal places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount.

A married couple filing jointly with AGI of $$317,570$ and one dependent.

Note: Round your intermediate computations to $2$ decimal places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount.

A taxpayer filing married filing separately with AGI of $$70,696$ and one dependent.

A qualifying widow, age $66,$ with AGI of $$50,940$ and one dependent.

A head of household with AGI of $$17,639$ and two dependents.

A head of household with AGI of $$60,926$ and one dependent.