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n an opportunity cost commonly associated with accepting a special order is * The contribution margin on tost sales. C. Additional fixed costs related to the increase output B. The variable costs of the order D. Any of the choices 78. From its refining process, an oil company obtains three products, one of which can be processed further into a different product, the other two of which can be sold further refining, the refining process is A. Joint process C. Process whose costs should be allocated to the resulting product 8. Mixed cost process D. Unavoidable process 79. A company has space that it uses to make a component. It could rent the space to another company. The rent it would earn is A. Sunk cost B. Opportunity cost C. Joint cost D. Avoidable cost 80. The role of sunk costs in decision making can be summed up in which of the following sayings? A. Nothing ventured, nothing gained C. A penny saved is a penny earned B. Let bygones be bygones D. The love of money is the root of all evil 81. Which of the following is not an applicable of linear programming techniques? A. Scheduling flight crews to various flights to minimize costs. B. Routing production to minimize costs. C. Determining the optimum trade-off between time and costs to maximize profits. D. Deciding which warehouses will service which customers to minimize total shipping costs. 82. The Personnel Manager has just completed a survey on employee attitudes, working conditions, and productivity. He would like to analyze data subject to the constraints of his company i.e., salary structure, capital equipment, etc.). The stated objectives of this company are to (1) maximize profits, (2) maximize safety, and (3) promote positive employee attitudes The decision analysis technique that could accomplish this analysis is A. linear programming. B. statistical analysis C. goal programming D. dynamic programming 83. A learning curve of 80% assumes that direct labor costs reduced by 20% for each doubling of output. What is the cost of the sixteenth unit produced as an approximate percentage of the first unit produced? b. 40% c. 51% a. 32% d. 64% 84. The average labor cost per unit for the first batch produces by a new process is P120. The cumulative average labor cost after the second batch Is P72 per product. Using a batch size of 100 and assuming the learning curve continues, the total labor cost of four batches will be a. P4,320 b. P10,368 C.P2,592 d. P17,280 85. A primary characteristic of a performance management system is a. consistency at all levels in the organization. b. adaptability to differing situations in the organization. efficiency of application to all individuals in the organization. d. flexibility to delay rewards although performance objectives have been met. 86. Which of the following would not normally affect the compensation strategy of a firm? A organizational goals B. location of firm C. competition D. number of subsidiaries 87. Managers should be paid A. on a periodic basis. B, based on results achieved. C. using ESOPs. D. on a plece rate basis. 88. Financial incentives are A different from monetary rewards B. the same thing as a salary element C. provided to all employee groups. D. available to top management whose performance exceeds targeted objectives