Please read the following:

Case 1

Steven Levitt, the author of Freakonomics, is exemplary in his ability to make data tell "stories." Students of public administration and organizational behavior are familiar with the famous Hawthorne effect. Levitt and List's (2009) reanalysis of the original Hawthorne study (which uses incomplete, archived, and secondary data) shows how management programs that were developed to increase worker productivity can be evaluated or reevaluated, even though the experiments were conducted almost a century ago.

Then provide a description of at least two data collection problems that the reanalysis of Levitt and List might bring to the Hawthorne effect.

Also, read the Case 2

Barbara Geddes (1990) points out the pitfalls of selecting cases, units, or observations purely on the basis of the dependent variable.

Then, provide a brief explanation of the relevance of Barbara Geddes' argument for program evaluation. Then, explain when a scenario of choosing cases solely on the dependent variable might be permissible. Provide a rationale for your explanations.

The references are provided below:

• Langbein, L. (2012).Public program evaluation: A statistical guide(2nd ed.). Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
  • Chapter 7, "Designing Useful Surveys for Evaluation" (pp. 209-238)
• McDavid, J. C., Huse, I., & Hawthorn, L. R. L. (2019).Program evaluation and performance measurement: An introduction to practice(3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Chapter 4, "Measurement for Program Evaluation and Performance Monitoring" (pp. 161-199)
• Geddes, B. (1990). How the cases you choose affect the answers you get: Selection bias in comparative politics.Political Analysis Download Political Analysis, 2(1), 131-150. Retrieved fromhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.5896&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Levitt, S., & List, J. (2009).Was there really a Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? An analysis of the original illumination experiments. Download Was there really a Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? An analysis of the original illumination experiments.Retrieved fromhttp://www.nber.org/papers/w15016.pdf
• Urban Institute. (2014). Outcome indicators project.Links to an external site. Retrieved fromhttp://www.urban.org/center/cnp/projects/outcomeindicators.cfm