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1. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the difference between diffusion and confusion? (4 points) (b) Suppose the AES state after initial AddRoundKey is: 05 09 3D 0A 03 10 35 47 20 4B 04 63 80 CO 00 show the value of state after SubstituteBytes. The S-box is as below. (6 points) (c) What is the difference between a backdoor, a bot, a keylogger, spyware, and a rootkit? Can they all be present in the same malware? (6 points) (d) List at least three measures to prevent DoS attacks. (3 points) (e) In Unix system, when Bob enter "Is -I testfile", here is the result. (5 points) C-r-XCx 1 ced users 1824 Nov 2 00:10 estfile Please explain what the above file permissions mean and write the octal number for the file permissions