Please write your code in R and submit your script and results for each of the following. Note that R does not accept 0 as an index for a vector. So every vector starts with 1.

1. Find the 8 bit binary number for the following characters: "A", "t", "@", "17", "9", "&" [hint: use binary() in package compositions].

```{r}

# code goes here

```

2. Find the decimal numbers for the following: "00010110", "00011101", "01011011", "01100101", "00001010", "01100100".

```{r warning=FALSE}

# code goes here

```

3. For the seed: "MHID9870"

a) Create the UTF8 encoding.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

b) Create the 8 bit binary form for the results of a).

```{r}

# code goes here

```

c) Split the strings into individual bits.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

d) Unlist the result of c).

```{r}

# code goes here

```

e) Put the results of d) into one integer vector.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

4. Fill three variables x, y, and z with the results of 3 such that x gets the first 19, y gets the next 22, and z gets the last 23 bits. Initialize an integer vector k of length 128.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

5. Find the majority value for x[9], y[11] and z[11].

```{r}

# code goes here

```

6. Write code for the following: if x steps then shift x to the right by 1 bit. Next assign the appropriate value to x[1]. Do the same for y and z.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

7. Create key stream bit by XOR-in the appropriate bits from x, y, and z vectors.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

8. Write a function for the above and create a 128 bit key stream with the seed mentioned in question 3. You function should contain two parameters: a seed and a key length.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

9. Create an integer vector S with values from 1-5. Swap elements 1 and 4. [Hint: use the swap() function in package seqinr.

```{r}

# code goes here

```

10. Implement RC4 for generating key streams. You function should contain two parameters: a seed and a key length.

```{r}

# code goes here

```