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1. State two (2) assumptions made by the kinetic molecular model of an ideal gas.
   2. marks]
2. A weather balloon, having a volume of 4.0 L at 29^oC and 1 atm, rose to an altitude where the temperature is -35^oC and the pressure is 0.65 atm. Calculate the new volume of the balloon.
   3. marks]

2. Element X has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31.

1. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in element X. [3 marks]
2. Use orbital filling diagrams (electrons in boxes) to show the arrangement of the electrons in element X. [3 marks]
3. Write the electronic configuration of element X in terms of s and p orbitals. [1 mark]

3.

1. Define the term isotope. [1 mark]
2. Element Z exist as three isotopes. Isotope I has a mass of 23.14 amu (62.34% abundance), isotope II 24.15 amu (26.12% abundance), and isotope III 23.99 amu (11.54% abundance).

Calculate the isotopic mass of Z. [3 marks]

4. Draw Lewis electron structures for the following compounds:

1. Magnesium bromide [2 marks]
2. Sulphur dioxide [2 marks]