[Points 3] What is the purpose of a condition variable in a monitor? How is the condition variable implemented? Explain your answer using an example.

[Points 3] In the monitor solution to the dining-philosophers problem (Figure 5.18), what happens when a process i calls test(i). In other words, what is being done in test(i)?

monitor DiningPhilosophers enum THINKING, HUNGRY, EATING) state C5]; condition self [5]; void pickup int i) state Cil HUNGRY tests (i); if (state [i] EATING) self [i] wait(); void putdown (int i) state [i] THINKING test (Ci 4) 5); tests ((i 1) 5); void test (int i) if ((state [(i 4) 5] EATING) && (state [i] HUNGRY) && (state (i 1) 5] EATING)) state [i] EATING self [i] signal(); initialization code for (int i 0; i 5; i++) state[i] THINKING Figure 5.18 A monitor solution to the dining-philosopher