Practice: State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for the given situations.

1. A company that makes potato chips requires each shipment of potatoes to meet certain quality standards. If the company finds convincing evidence that more than 8% of the potatoes in the shipment have "blemishes," the truck will be sent back to the supplier to get another load of potatoes. Otherwise, the entire truckload will be used to make potato chips.
2. At the Hawaii Pineapple Company, managers are interested in the size of the pineapples grown in their fields. Last year, the mean weight was 31 ounces, but the managers wonder if the new irrigation system has changed the size of the pineapples.