Present Value/Discounted Cash Flow: Intrinsic value based on expected future benefits e.g., dividends (dividend discount model) or free cash flows (corporate valuation or free-cash-flow models). Multiplier/Market Multiples: Intrinsic value based on Share price / enterprise value multiples -absolute/relative multiples of trailing/projected earnings/sales. Asset-Based Valuation Models: Intrinsic value based on estimated value of net worth (assets -liabilities), often through adjustments to book value.

Question:

can you provide some specific examples of ratios that can be used as valuation multiples?