Proactive change $($i$.$e$.,$a change that acts on an opportunity you$$ve identified$)$ tends to be more difficult to gain support for than reactive change $($i$.$e$.,$a change that is a reaction to environmental crises$),$ yet there are challenges to leading both proactive and reactive change. Based on the article $$I$$m the Boss,$$is it appropriate and necessary to exercise formal authority in a situation that calls for proactive and$/$or reactive change?

Only to initiate proactive change

Only to initiate reactive change

Both proactive and reactive changes

It is not appropriate or necessary to exercise formal authority to initiate organizational changes