Problem $1(20$ points$)$

There is a collaborative project between a professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the Hong Kong Observatory. The aim of the project is to develop an unmanned aerial vehicle $($UAV$)$ to monitor various aspects of Hong Kong's environment, including light pollution and chemical pollution. The drone utilizes a fixed$-$wing design with a mid$-$range maximum distance of $200$ km $.$ It is equipped with infrared cameras, visible light cameras, and a series of chemical gas sensors capable of detecting different gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and others.

Based on the above unmanned aircraft system architecture, please indicate the potential communication pathways that could enable the Hong Kong Observatory to control and receive data from the onboard cameras and sensors during flight for $($i$)$ near operation and $($ii$)$ remote operation.

$\backslash ((10+10\backslash )$ points $\backslash ()\backslash )$

$**$Just a clear listing of the sequence, no explanation is needed.