Problem $18-20($Static$)[$LO $18-1,18-5]$

Mr$.$ and Mrs$.$ Lear filed their $2021$ Form $1040$ on April $1,2022.$ In November $2023,$ they received a notice of deficiency in which the IRS assessed $$19,044$ of additional $2021$ income tax.

Required:

Compute the total amount that the Lears owe the federal government assuming the annual interest rate $($underpayment rate$)$ throughout the $18-$month period between the required filing date and the payment date was $3$ percent. Ignore the effect of interest compounding.

Compute the total amount that the Lears owe the federal government assuming the revenue agent who audited the return imposed an accuracy$-$related penalty on the entire deficiency.

Compute the total amount that the Lears owe the federal government assuming the revenue agent who audited the return imposed a civil fraud penalty on the entire deficiency.