Problem 1. Find the "1 to 4" code for 17 dots. Draw a diagram to justify your answer.

Problem 2. You have a deck of cards where each card has a letter on one side and a number on the other side. Your friend claims: "If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side." There are four cards on a table, A, B, 4, and 7. Which cards must you flip over to be certain that your friend is telling the truth? You must explain your answer in detail for credit.

Problem 3. Two children who do not know how to count are playing blocks. They have 8 red blocks, 9 orange blocks, 12 yellow blocks, 10 green blocks, and 11 blue blocks. All the blocks are mixed together in one big pile. Child A wants to know which color blocks has the most, but does not know how to count. Child B suggests that they build towers of one color only to see which color has the most. What are the skills child B is using even though they are not formally counting the blocks?