Problem $1$: Parameter Passing Exercise

Consider the following pseudocode:$1$For each of the cases below, write down the values of x$,$y$,$ and z after the following calls to foo$().$ If necessary, assume that output arguments are copied back to parameters in the left$-$to$-$right order.$($a$)$ foo$($ x$,$y$)$ where all parameters are passed by value.$($b$)$ foo$($ x$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by reference.$($c$)$ foo$(($z$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by value$-$result.$($d$)$ foo$($z$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by reference.

$2$ Passed$-$by$-$result parameter passing scheme is not applicable for the above program $-$ justify this statement with proper example.