Problem 1a. Using the original plaintext below in bold quotes (e.g. use only alphabet characters, a-z), write a program to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext using the Caesar cipher. "If he had anything confidential to say, he wrote it in cipher, that is, by so changing the order of the letters of the alphabet, that not a word could be made out. Getting started: 1. Define the shift value i.e., the number of positions we want to shift from each character. 2. Iterate over each character of the plain text: 1. If the character is alphabet: 1. Calculate the position/index of the character in the 0-25 range. 2. Perform the positive shift using the modulo operation. 3. Find the character at the new position. 4. Replace the current letter by this new character. 2. Else, If the character is not alphabet, ignore the character, and move to the next position in the plaintext. with no change. 3. Your program is to print or graph results. Problem 1b. Using the ciphertext you generated from Problem 1a, write a program to decrypt ciphertext into plaintext using the Caesar cipher. Your program is to print or graph results 3. Problem 2a. Using the original plaintext from Problem la, write a program to encrypt plaintext into cipher using the Playfair cipher. Getting started: 1. Use the 5 by 5 matrix with keyword monarchy. 2. Iterate over each character of the plain text: 1. If the character is alphabet: 1. Follow the four rules on page 39 of the course text to encrypt two plaintext letters at a time. 2. Calculate the position/index of the character in the 0-25 range. Find the character at the new position. 4. Replace the current letter by this new character. 2. Else, if the character is not alphabet, ignore the character, and move to the next position in the plaintext. with no change. 3. Your program is to print or graph results Problem 2b. Using the ciphertext you generated from Problem 2a, write a program to decrypt ciphertext into plaintext using the Playfair cipher. Your program is to print or graph results Problem 3a. Using the original plaintext from Problem la, write a program to encrypt plaintext into cipher using the Hill cipher. Getting started: 1. Choose and use a 3 by 3 matrix representing the encryption key (Note: Make sure the matrix has an inverse.). 2. Iterate over each character of the plain text: 1. If the character is alphabet: 1. Calculate the position/index of the character in the 0-25 range. 2. Find the character at the new position. 3. Replace the current letter by this new character. 2. Else, If the character is not alphabet, ignore the character, and move to the next position in the plaintext with no change. 3. Your program is to print or graph results Problem 3b. Using the ciphertext you generated from Problem 3a, write a program to decrypt ciphertext into plaintext using the Hill cipher. Your program is to print or graph results