Problem 2: (20 points) Given the below ciphertext which has been encrypted using substitution cipher, answer the following questions. UZQSOVUOHXMOPVGPOZPEVSGZWSZOPFPESXUDBMETSXAIZ VUEPHZHMDZSHZOWSFPAPPDTSVPQUZWYMXUZUHSX EPYEPOPDZSZUFPOMBZWPFUPZHMDJUDTMOHMQ a) Determine the frequency of repeating the following letters in the above ciphertext. P, Z, S, W Hint: The frequency of the letters 'F' and 'C' in the ciphertext (in percentages) are as follows: F: 3.33, C: 0.00 b) The figures below show the relative frequency of letters and top bigrams in English text. In the above ciphertext, the most common bigram is zw, which appears three times. In addition, notice the sequence ZWSZ in the first line. We do not know that these four letters form a complete word, but if they do, it would be another hint. Find the equivalents of plain letters for the above letters. Letters Frequency 0.14 0.127 0.12- 0.10 0.091 0.082 0.08 0.070 0.001 0.075 0.067 0.00 0.0000.003 0.040 0.04 0.043 0.028 0.015 0.0220.020 0.024 0.02 0.019 0.008 0.002 0.028 0.024 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.001 R S T U V W X Y 0 0 001 A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q N Top Bigrams Frequency 0.030 0.0290 0.025 0.0248 0.020 0.0187 0.0173 0.0165 0.015 0.0138 0.0135 0.0119 0.0117 0.0114 0.0113 0.0108 0.0108 0.0104 0.010 0.0101 0.0100 0.005 0 TH HE IN ER AN RE ES ST ON ND EN NT AT ED EA TO