Problem $2$:

Analyze the following description and draw class diagram of University Management System. What number of classes can be used in university system and the state the relations between each class clearly.

A University Management System $($UMS$)$ is designed to handle a variety of operations within a university's ecosystem such as student enrollment, course administration, scheduling, examinations, and human resources management. Within this system, we would find multiple classes that interact with each other. The University class would encapsulate attributes like name, address, and website, and would have methods to add departments and courses. Each Department within the university would have a name and a head, with capabilities to offer courses and assign instructors. The Course class would hold information like code, title, description, credits, and be linked to a department, with functions to enroll students and schedule classes. Individuals within the university would be represented by a Person class, which would be a superclass for Student, Instructor, and Staff classes, each inheriting attributes like firstName, lastName, and dateOfBirth, and methods like updating their details. Students have unique identifiers and can enroll in courses, drop courses, and pay fees, while Instructors have employee IDs, are associated with departments, and can teach and grade students. Staff also have employee IDs and roles and are responsible for various administrative duties. The Classroom class would include details about the room number, building, and capacity, with methods to schedule classes and conduct maintenance checks. Scheduling is handled by a Schedule class that creates and updates course schedules, linking courses with timeslots and classrooms. Finally, the Enrollment class connects students with courses and grades, providing methods to enroll in courses and assign grades. In terms of relationships, the university has many departments, departments offer many courses, and instructors teach these courses, which are taught in classrooms with specific schedules. Students enroll in courses through enrollments, and instructors grade these enrollments. The inheritance relationship is seen where Student, Instructor, and Staff all inherit from Person. Aggregation is demonstrated in how departments have heads who are instructors, and composition is exemplified in how the university owns the departments, indicating a stronger relationship where departments cannot exist independently of the university. These classes and relationships collectively form the backbone of the University Management System's class diagram, establishing a blueprint for development and implementation.