Problem 2 - Maneuvering Flight At a remote Air Force base located in the Nevada desert, dawn is just breaking in the east as a lone figure stroll across the tarmac. The air is still, and the chill of the desert night is still palpable. Shuffling of boots and equipment echo throughout the base as crew chiefs make last minute checks on a sleek aircraft sitting in one of the aircraft shelters. Suddenly, a low whine pierces the peaceful silence and crescendos into a dull roar, as a waking beast, the Pratt & Whitney F100 afterburning turbofan, fills the desert with the sound. A lone F-16 emerges from the aircraft shelter and taxis toward runway 16L. After lining up for take-off, Joe Schmoe pauses. He thinks back to his first time at the controls of a fighter, and the leap in power it had over his first aircraft, the J-3. Now, he was at the controls of an even hotter aircraft, but the flight plan called for a modest ground roll and climb to altitude. As he reaches for the throttle to begin his takeoff roll, Joe's eyes wander over the settings near the top: Full Military, AB (After Burner), and Max AB. Data (not all may be used) W (lbf) F-16 Viper 30,000 Sref (ft) 300 b (ft) 32.75 0.89 eo 0.0165 TASL (lbf) TASL (lbf) Number of Engines C+ (1/hr) Ct (1/hr) Cl C Lmax Ac/4 17,800 (dry) 29,500 (Max AB) 1 0.8 (dry) 1.7 (Max AB) 0.5 (Airfoil lift coefficient, ground roll) 1.4 (Max Wing Lift Coefficient, clean, used for Stall speed calculation) [clean=no flaps] 31.47 deg (a) Use the time-stepping or average force method to determine ground roll distance for the F-16 Viper with max AB. The average force method can be done as in HW 2 or by evaluating the forces at V = VLOF/2 and calculating distance for each of the five aircraft. VLOF = 1.2V st Vstall assume no additional lift from flap deflection. VZOFM SGaverage 2F (a) As Joe is taking off, the sun is rising on his left. Which direction is he facing? (b) Assume that lift-off occurs at the end of ground roll, and Joe continues takeoff until he is flying at a height of 35 feet. Assume that the takeoff to obstacle heigh phase required 200 feet of runway and was in the same direction as the initial ground roll. At an altitude of 35 feet, Joe turns the yoke to the left, presses the left rudder pedal and executes a steady maneuver. Throughout this, altitude has remained constant. What maneuver has Joe begun to execute and in which direction (left or right)? (c) At the beginning of his maneuver V load factor, n? (d) Calculate R and w. = 1.5Vstall, and bank angle = 45, what is the (e) What is the arc-length of his path if he turns through a total angle of 0 = 135 and which direction is he facing at the end of the maneuver? de (f) How quickly did he complete the maneuver, if w = = constant? dt (g) Assume the runway is 40 feet wide and extremely long, and on every side beyond the runway is desert, with endangered cacti spaced approximately 5 feet apart in a rectangular grid. Draw a map of Joe's flight path until the end of his maneuver, including cardinal directions, determine the arclength of the path he took assuming constant altitude, and determine how much distance he traveled over the desert at low altitude instead of the runway. (h) (4 Extra Credit Points) Estimate how many cacti he singed during his low-altitude maneuver and the rate of cacti per second that were singed using results from (g). Determine if Joe's singing of the cacti was unlawful by Nevada law and explain why or why not.