Problem 3. We would like to apply the simple climate model to calculate the temperature of Venus. The following quantities are known. The Solar surface, as a blackbody, has a temperature of 5770K. The Sun's radius is 7108m. The distance between Venus and the Sun is 1.081011m. The radius of Venus is 6106 m. The planetary albedo of Venus is 0.76 . 1. (1 point) Calculate the irradiance at the Sun's surface. 2. (1 point) Calculate the solar irradiance at the location of Venus. 3. (1 point) Balance the solar input energy and the outgoing blackbody radiation from Venus. Calculate the temperature (known as effective temperature) of Venus. 4. (1 point) Venus has such a high planetary albedo due to global coverage of thick clouds formed by sulfuric acid. Recalculate the effective temperature of Venus with an albedo of 0.15 . The other quantities stay the same. This approximates conditions early in the Venus history when there was no cloud coverage, and the planet's surface was covered by dark volcanic rocks. 5. (1 point) Explain the difference between the true surface temperature of Venus (over 700K ) and your calculation in the previous step. Hint: read section 7.5 of Jacob's Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry for more information