PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

You are required to identify a real$-$world problem then propose a solution that can be provided using an expert system. You should explain the classical and contemporary tools and techniques available to solve the problem.

Real$-$World Problem:

Diagnosing Nutritional Deficiency

Many individuals experience health issues due to poor nutrition but are unaware of the specific deficiencies causing their symptoms. A small$-$scale expert system can assist users in identifying potential deficiencies based on simple symptoms. Nutrition plays a vital role in overall health and well$-$being. Many individuals unknowingly suffer from nutritional deficiencies, which can lead to a range of health issues, including fatigue, weakened immune function, and impaired cognitive performance. According to the World Health Organization, millions of people worldwide experience deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals. This highlights the importance of identifying and addressing these deficiencies to promote better health outcomes.

Proposed Solution:

Nutritional Deficiency Expert System

This system will ask users about their symptoms and suggest possible nutrient deficiencies, such as iron, vitamin D$,$ calcium, or protein, along with dietary recommendations to address these deficiencies. The proposed expert system not only assists users in identifying potential nutritional deficiencies but also empowers them with actionable dietary recommendations. By raising awareness of their nutritional health, users can make informed decisions and take proactive steps toward improving their diets.

$$

How the Expert System Works:

Inputs:

Symptoms such as fatigue, brittle nails, pale skin, hair loss, or muscle cramps. Dietary habits $($vegetarian$,$ non$-$vegetarian, vegan$).$

Processing:

o$$ The system uses a rule$-$based approach to map symptoms and habits to likely nutrient deficiencies.

o$$ It will also incorporate a machine learning model to enhance the accuracy of predictions based on historical data.

Outputs:

o$$ A list of potential deficiencies $($e$.$g$.,$ iron, vitamin D$)$ and suggestions for foods or supplements to improve the condition $($e$.$g$.,$ leafy greens, fortified milk$).$

o$$ The system may also provide links to additional resources for users seeking more information.

Classical Tools and Techniques:

$1.$ Rule$-$Based System:

Use if$-$then rules to relate symptoms to deficiencies.

Example Rule:

If fatigue and pale skin, then iron deficiency.

$2.$ CLIPS $($C Language Integrated Production System$)$:

A lightweight expert system tool ideal for building small rule$-$based systems.

Easy to define facts $($symptoms$)$ and rules $($diagnosis$).$

$3.$ Backward Chaining:

A reasoning method where the system starts with possible deficiencies and checks if the symptoms support them.

Example: The system hypothesizes "iron deficiency" and verifies it by asking if symptoms like fatigue or pale skin are present.

Contemporary Tools and Techniques:

$1.$ Machine Learning $($ML$)$:

$$ A basic classification model using libraries like Scikit$-$learn $($Python$).$ The system can train an ML model using a small dataset of symptoms and deficiencies to improve its recommendations.

$2.$ Expert System Shells:

Tools like Drools or Pyke $($Python$)$ offer user$-$friendly ways to implement rule$-$based systems with contemporary integrations, allowing for easier updates and maintenance.

$3.$ Web$-$Based Interface:

$$ Use HTML and JavaScript to create a simple GUI for user inputs and display outputs dynamically, enhancing user experience and interaction with the system.

$$

$$

Challenges and Future Enhancements:

While the expert system offers significant benefits, it may face challenges such as user engagement and the need for regular updates to its database of symptoms and deficiencies. Future enhancements could include incorporating user feedback to refine recommendations and expanding the system to consider lifestyle factors like exercise and sleep.

Conclusion:

In summary, the Nutritional Deficiency Expert System represents a valuable tool for diagnosing nutritional deficiencies and providing personalized dietary advice. By leveraging technology, we can help individuals take charge of their health and make informed dietary choices that lead to improved well$-$being.

$$

$$

$$

$$you helped me make this document more detailed can you now help me answer this;

REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION

Discuss how knowledge will be acquired and represented to solve the problem identified in ASSIGNMENT $1$