Problem Statement $9$

Components of a heat pump for supplying heated air to a dwelling are shown in the schematic below. At steady state, Refrigerant $22$ enters the compressor at $-5C,3\mathrm{.}5$ bar and is compressed adiabatically to $75C,14$ bar. From the compressor, the refrigerant passes through the condenser, where it condenses to liquid at $28C,\frac{14}{b}ar.$ The refrigerant then expands through a throttling valve to $3\mathrm{.}5$ bar $.$ The states of the refrigerant are shown on the accompanying T$-$s diagram. Return air from the dwelling enters the condenser at $20C,1$ bar with a volumetric flow rate of $0\mathrm{.}42\frac{m^3}{s}$ and exits at $50C$ with a negligible change in pressure. Using the ideal gas model for the air and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects,

$($a$)$ Determine the rates of entropy production, in $k\frac{W}{K},$ for control volumes enclosing the condenser, compressor, and expansion valve, respectively.

$($b$)$ Discuss the sources of irreversibility in the components considered in part $($a$).$