Question: Process variations refer to deviations in the output values of a process. When process output values deviate significantly from the mean, they create uncertainty about

Process variations refer to deviations in the output values of a process. "When process output values deviate significantly from the mean, they create uncertainty about the ability of the process to produce quality output." (Karuppan et al.,2016). For example, healthcare organizations experience variations in waiting times before patients can see their doctors. Although patients can be seen on time, some will have to wait much longer than 15 minutes, leading to irritation and dissatisfaction. Variations can occur for numerous reasons; assignable or special causes of variation occur for reasons that are external to the process (Karuppan et al.,2016). There are also internal variations that occur because of ineffective processes, inadequate training, and equipment failures. Common or random causes of variation are inherent to a process (Karuppan et al.,2016). Common and random variations reflect faults in the system and often occur regularly or randomly. Common cause variations are fluctuations caused by unknown factors resulting in a steady but random distribution of output around the data average (Wirth,2021). When a variation is intrinsic to the process is also referred to as the natural variation because it determines the natural statistical variation, or width, in the distribution of the process output (Karuppan et al.,2016). There are numerous tools program managers can use to identify the source of quality problems to help focus improvement efforts. From Chapter 5 in Operations Management in Healthcare: Strategy and Practice, complete the following problems: 3,6, and 10. The problems for chapter 5 start on page 208 in the textbook. An Excel sheet of the assigned problems and a Microsoft Word document should be made explaining their findings. The Excel sheet's objective is to provide an opportunity to demonstrate the covered content's competency. The Word document enables explaining the findings in a manner that is easy for others to understand.
 Process variations refer to deviations in the output values of a

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