Providing top-down guidance can aid the task of implementing strategy

Select one:

a. provided they promote greater use of and commitment to best practices and total quality management.

b. because really effective internal policies and procedures are not easily duplicated by other firms.

c. because astutely conceived policies or procedures can result in competitive advantage.

d. by helping align the actions and behavior of company personnel with the requirements for good strategy execution, placing limits on independent action, and helping overcome resistance to change.

e. by making it easier to impose tight budget controls and avoid wasting scarce resources.