PSW Foundations 1. Study communication barriers. 2. What are some age-related changes that can affect communication? (Example: hearing loss). 3. Know the difference between open-ended and closed-ended questions. (When and why do we ask them). 4. Know the steps of the Problem-Solving Process. 5. Practice how to convert standard time into 24-hour time. For example: 1:15 pm (standard time) = 13:15 (24-hour time). 6. What do these abbreviations mean: LUQ, ABD, h, TPR, I&O (Study common abbreviations)? 7. How should the PSW respond to a client expressing sadness? (For example, the client is telling you they are upset). 8. How should a PSW respond to a co-worker always asking for favors and making it harder to finish tasks? 9. What does centenarian mean? (It means a person who is over 100 years old). 10. What does NPO mean? 11. What does STAT mean? 12. OD = Every Day 13. What is the best way to address your client? (What should we call them their name or dear?) 14. How should a PSW handle a conflict with a co-worker? 15. How should the PSW respond to a difficult family member? 16. What are mixed messages? 17. What is subjective data? (Example: Client states they have a headache). 18. What is objective data? (Example: You see and hear the client is coughing)