push$-$based strategy

pull$-$based strategy

Economies of Scale

Economies of Scale

Economies of Scope

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is the cost advantage a company has with the increased output of a good or service

allows producers to response to customer demand until an order is placed or a purchase is made

occurs when forecast errors are magnified and demand variability increases as orders move upstream from retailers to

states the average total cost of a company's production decreases when there is an increasing variety of goods produced

is often used in make$-$to$-$stock process

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