Q #$05$: a$)$ Determine how the optimum asphalt binder content is selected for the mix design?

b$)$ The following data has been observed for aggregates from Margalla crush and bitumen from Attock oil refinery. Bulk specific gravity of individual aggregates $19$mm sieve to $0\mathrm{.}6$mm sieve is $2\mathrm{.}64$ and other down material is $2\mathrm{.}60.$ Bulk specific gravity of compacted mix is $2\mathrm{.}220.$ Maximum specific gravity of paving mix is $2\mathrm{.}50.$ Use $\%$age of bitumen equal to $4\%.$

Sieve Size $($mm$)$: $19,12\mathrm{.}5,9\mathrm{.}5,4\mathrm{.}75,2\mathrm{.}36,1\mathrm{.}18,0\mathrm{.}6,0\mathrm{.}3,0\mathrm{.}15,0\mathrm{.}075,$ Pan

$\%$ Passing: $100,76\mathrm{.}9,63\mathrm{.}4,39\mathrm{.}1,27\mathrm{.}1,16\mathrm{.}3,10\mathrm{.}3,8,5\mathrm{.}7,4\mathrm{.}1,0$

Evaluate the following parameters for the Marshall Mix design:

a$)$ Bulk Specific Gravity of aggregates

b$)$ Effective Specific Gravity of Aggregates

c$)$ Effective Asphalt content

d$)$ Voids in mineral aggregates

e$)$ Air voids in compacted mixture

f$)$ Voids filled with asphalt