Q$1$

$8-1.$ Infinitesimal elements $A,B,C,D,$ and $E$ are shown on the figures for two different members. Draw each one of these elements separately, and indicate on the isolated elements the stress acting on it$.$ For each stress clearly show its direction and sense by arrows, and state the formula one would use in its calculation. Neglect the weight of the members.

$($a$)$

$($b$)$