Q1. (a)

Memory management is the functionality of an operating system that handles or manages primary memory and moves processes back and forth between main memory and disk during execution. Memory management keeps track of each and every memory location, regardless of either it is allocated to some process or it is free. Given five memory partitions of 110 KB, 450 KB, 100 KB, 250 KB, and 500 KB (in order), how would each of the first-fit, best-fit, and worst-fit algorithms place processes of 212 KB, 417 KB, 112 KB, and 426 KB (in order)? Which algorithm makes the most efficient use of memory? Write a program to compare and justify your answer.

Q1. (b) An operating system uses the banker's algorithm for deadlock avoidance when managing the allocation of three resource types X, Y and Z to three processes PO, P1, and P2. The table given below presents the current system state. Here, the Allocation matrix shows the current number of resources of each type allocated to each process and the Max matrix shows the maximum number of resources of each type required by each process during its execution

There are 3 units of type X, 2 units of type Y, and 2 units of type Z still available. The system is currently in a safe state. Consider the following independent requests for additional resources in the current state-

REQ1: P0 requests 0 units of X, 0 units of Y and 2 units of Z

REQ2: P1 requests 2 units of X, 0 units of Y and 0 units of Z

Write a program to check whether:

1. Only REQ1 can be permitted
2. Only REQ2 can be permitted
3. Both REQ1 and REQ2 can be permitted
4. Neither REQ1 nor REQ2 can be permitted