Q3. Sample Size, Normal Distribution The mean hemoglobin for women is 14g/dL (with a standard deviation of 3.7) and we were able to retrospectively review 50,000 females from hospital records across the US (quite a feat!) The study hemoglobin was found to be 13.9g/dL. This gives us a p-value of <0.001 when calculating a z-test. Discuss issues of clinical vs. statistical significance and whether you feel like our study (which was extensively time consuming) is representative of the population given this finding. Does the sample have the same hemoglobin as the population? What would you tell people when they ask about the p-value?