Ques 1. Viewing an organisation from a systems perspective:

1. deters lower level managers from perceiving their roles as isolated and static 2. facilitates an understanding amongst managers of the fixed environment in which they operate

3. encourages all managers to appreciate the constantly changing nature of their work environment 4. enables managers to conceptualise their department as an independent entity

5. assists managers to gain insight into the absenteeism of their employees

Answers: a. 1, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 4, 5

Ques 2. Personal skills that health service managers need to display include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Answer: a. interpersonal b. solutions c. group d. communication

Ques 3. Viewing an organisation from a life-cycle perspective:

1. facilitates a manager to consider organisations as dynamic entities 2. enables managers to appreciate organisational evolution

3. deters managers from interpreting all external forces as predictable in their presentation 4. supports the construct that organisations can isolate themselves from external threats

5. assists managers to perceive all change as unexpected and random

Answer: a. 1, 2 b. 4, 5 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 2, 3, 5