Question $1$

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Water flows through the horizontal branching pipe which is fixed by flange as shown in Figure $1.$ At section $1,$ the pipe continues to the left and hence the gauge pressure is not zero. At section $2$ and $3,$ gauge pressure is zero $($atmosphere$).$

$[6]$

a$)$ What is the velocity at section $3(V_3)?$

b$)$ What is the horizontal force $F$ that flange applies to keep the pipe system stationary?

$(4)$

Figure $1$