Question$1$

$[16]$

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Describe the fundamental rule for correct sampling and sample processing according to Gy $(1982)$ and Pitard $(1993).$

$1\mathrm{.}2$Why is it crucial for all parts of the ore, concentrate, or slurry being sampled to have an equal probability of being collected?

$1\mathrm{.}3$ Explain as to how does bias affect the representativeness of a sample, and what are its implications for subsequent analysis?

Question $2$

$2\mathrm{.}1$ Discuss the significance of best practices in sampling.

$2\mathrm{.}2$Provide examples of best practices in sampling techniques and explain how they ensure representative samples are obtained in mining and mineral processing operations $($Use atleast $5$ sources$).$

Question $3$

$[20]$

$3\mathrm{.}1$ Compare and contrast mass$-$basis and time$-$basis systematic sampling methods.

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Describe the circumstances under which each method would be preferable.

$3\mathrm{.}3.$ Provide factors that influence the choice between them.

Question $4$

$4\mathrm{.}1$ Consider a mining operation where a geologist needs to collect a representative sample of ore for grade analysis. The ore body is highly heterogeneous, and the geologist plans to collect samples using random sampling techniques. Using Gy$\text{'}$s formula, calculate the expected relative variance of the sampling error for a sample with a mass of MS $=100kg,$ collected from a lot of fragmented material with a mass of $ML=1000kg.$

$4\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss the implications of this relative variance in terms of the accuracy and reliability of the grade analysis results obtained from the sample.

End of paper.

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