Question $1(1$ point$)$

Indicate differences and similarities between sensor networks and ad hoc networks.

Question $2(2$ point$)$

Explain the techniques of direct and indirect routing in mobile IP

Question $3(2$ point$)$

Consider an Ad hoc network with a proactive routing protocol. What is the protocol

overhead generated? Resolve and explain it

Proactive routing $-$ Naive approach

Each node at short intervals broadcasts its presence and address with

$TTL=1($HELLO messages$)$ local neighborhood is known in advance to

every node

Each node at larger intervals broadcast its local topology $($Topology

Control $($TC$)$ messages$)$ with large TTL$,$ each topology packet is

rebroadcasted by all the nodes in the network $($with duplicate detection$)$

$$ every node in the network knows all the other nodes and the links

between them

Each node of a network with $N$ nodes with an average $n$ neighbors

periodically generates:

Hello messages: few bytes containing only the interface address $($size s$)$

with interval $t($defaults to $2sec).$

TC messages: contains all the set of all the neighbors $($size $s*n)$ at

interval $T($defaults to $5sec),$ reforwarded by every node in the network

$($mulliply by $N).$

Question $4(2$ point$)$

Consider this network and try to compute the minimal MPR set for node $1.$