Question 1 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3-2 What is Occam's Razor?

• a. A scientific law about motion
• b. A principle that suggests the simplest explanation is usually best
• c. A tool used to predict star brightness
• d. A rule that all theories must be proven by experiments

Question 2 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3-3 Why do scientists use Occam's Razor?

• a. To make experiments more fun
• b. To avoid adding unnecessary ideas to explanations
• c. To prove that only one answer is correct
• d. To eliminate math from science

Question 3 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3-1 What is stellar parallax?

• a. The change in brightness of a star
• b. When stars change color over time
• c. The apparent shift of a star's position due to earth's movement
• d. The rotation of stars around earth

Question 4 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-10 What does Hubble's Law tell us about the universe?

• a. It is staying the same size
• b. It is slowing down
• c. It is getting smaller
• d. It is expanding

Question 5 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-5 What does the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram show?

• a. How fast planets orbit
• b. The positions of galaxies
• c. The relationship between a star's brightness and temperature
• d. How long stars take to form

Question 6 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-9 What did Penzias and Wilson accidentally discover?

• a. The first comet outside our galaxy
• b. Cosmic background radiation
• c. A new planet
• d. Black holes near earth

Question 7 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-6 What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

• a. A list of elements in the atmosphere
• b. The full range of all types of light or electromagnetic waves
• c. A group of electric wires in space
• d. The colors in the rainbow only

Question 8 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-7 What did Edwin Hubble discover about distant galaxies?

• a. They don't move
• b. They are shrinking
• c. They are moving away from us faster the farther they are
• d. They orbit the milky way

Question 9 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-8 According to the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of wave has the longest wavelength?

• a. X-rays
• b. Visible light
• c. Ultraviolet waves
• d. Radio waves

Question 10 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-2 What is dark matter?

• a. Dust from black holes
• b. Invisible matter that affects gravity and galaxies
• c. Leftover stars
• d. Solar energy particles

Question 11 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3a-1 How do scientists detect black holes?

• a. By photographing their surface
• b. By observing how they affect nearby stars and light
• c. By listening to space sounds
• d. By sending probes into them

Question 12 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3b-6 What must happen for an object to be captured?

• a. It must explode
• b. It must orbit first
• c. It must lose speed and be pulled in by gravity
• d. It must hit the sun

Question 13 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3b-2 Which theory is now most widely accepted to explain the origin of the universe?

• a. Steady state theory
• b. Static universe theory
• c. Big bang theory
• d. Expanding earth theory

Question 14 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3b-5 Why do neutron stars spin so fast?

• a. They shrink, and their angular momentum is conserved
• b. They are pushed by light
• c. They float in space
• d. They are made of gas

Question 15 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3b-7 What did Edwin Hubble discover?

• a. Galaxies are moving away and farther ones move faster
• b. The moon causes tides
• c. Light always travels at the same speed
• d. Earth is at the center of the universe

Question 16 (2 points)

Title: ESS 3b-1 What did the Steady State Theory propose about the universe?

• a. The universe started with a single explosion
• b. Galaxies are crashing into each other
• c. The universe is shrinking over time
• d. The universe has no beginning and no end