QUESTION 1 (22 marks) REQUIRED: 1.1 A UBI (universal basic income) allows all people a certain amount of money to live on, whether or not they are working, rather than income only going to people who work or receive government grants. While a UBI may sound like a good idea in theory, there are some problems with the model. Amadeo (2018) outlines some of the benefits and risks of a UBI. Develop a table listing all the pros and cons of UBI. (10 marks) 1.2 Since the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is still in its early stages of development, it is necessary to make some predictions about the possible effects it will have on Africa and, more specifically, South Africa. Identify whether the following statements are opportunities or risks. 1. We are becoming one 'mega-society' where everyone interacts. 2. High levels of connectivity compromise privacy. 3. Youth benefit from skills and training going into 4IR. 4. Manufacturing and low to semi-skilled jobs may be replaced by automation. 5. As other world populations shrink, businesses will open African offices or factories to capitalise on the number of able workers. 6. Advances in machine capability may limit opportunities available to unskilled workers. 7. New technologies and more extensive surveillance will ensure safety. 8. Authoritarian or oppressive governments could use surveillance against ordinary citizens. 9. Improved banking technology can help prevent fraud and corruption. 10. If South Africa does not step up and provide adequate infrastructure that is conductive to new industry, it may be left behind. 11. Ride-sharing apps make it cheaper and easier for consumers to get around. 12. Ride-sharing apps pose a threat to the metered-taxi industry by offering lower prices. (12 marks)