Question $13$ ptsWhich transportation mode has a high level of economic regulation $($government price setting$)?$Group of answer choicesTruckingPipelineAirRailDomestic Water Flag question: Question $2$Question $23$ ptsWhat is the main factor determining whether the cost structure of a particular transportation mode is predominantly fixed or variable costs?Group of answer choicesthe degree of labor & fuel efficiency.the role of government in funding large capital expenditures.the level of economic regulation $($price setting$)$ by the government.the level of technology incorporated in the capital equipment used. Flag question: Question $3$Question $33$ ptsWhich transportation mode does NOT have a significant percentage of ownership by shippers?Group of answer choicesdomestic watertruckingrailpipelineair Flag question: Question $4$Question $43$ ptsFinished product trunk lines transport oil & gas productsGroup of answer choicesan average of $400$ miles from oil fields to processing plantsan average of $400$ miles from refineries$/$processing plants to end consumersan average of $800$ miles from oil fields to refineriesan average of $800$ miles from refineries to end consumers Flag question: Question $5$Question $53$ ptsMany pipelines are owned by oil & gas companies $($shippers$)$ that hire$-$out to oil & gas companies with no pipelines of their own. Since this would benefit their competitors in the oil & gas industries, why would they do this?Group of answer choicesto hurt competitors by charging them high prices for transportationto abide by the rules of transportation deregulationto earn extra incomethey are required by law to do so$.$ Flag question: Question $6$Question $63$ ptsWhich of the following modes of transportation is the least fuel efficient?Group of answer choicesRailDomestic WaterTruckingPipelinesAir Flag question: Question $7$Question $73$ ptsWhich is a major advantage of pipelines?Group of answer choicesvariety of freight transportedspeed of servicehigh profitability due to the ability to charge high priceslow loss and damage of freight Flag question: Question $8$Question $83$ ptsThe pipeline industry has the lowest rates $($prices$)$ of any mode for transporting bulk liquid and gas products due toGroup of answer choicesstrong competition in the pipeline transportation industrygovernment funding of pipeline construction, which lowers the costs of productiongovernment regulation of pipeline transport pricesprice gouging by other modes that transport these same commodities Flag question: Question $9$Question $93$ ptsWhich is the only mode that has no backhauls?Group of answer choicestruckingdomestic waterairpipelinerail Flag question: Question $10$Question $103$ ptsThe most efficient ocean vessel for loading$/$unloading cargo with wheels is aGroup of answer choicesRoRo shipLASH shipBreak$-$bulk shipContainer ship Flag question: Question $11$Question $113$ ptsA shipper needing to export over$-$sized & odd$-$sized manufactured goods would most likely choose what type of ocean vessel?Group of answer choicesBreak$-$bulk shipLASH shipContainer shipRoRo ship Flag question: Question $12$Question $123$ ptsWhich of the following statements is true?Group of answer choicesLASH vessels facilitate intermodal transportation with rail & truck carriersBreak$-$bulk vessels have lower shipping rates than Container ships due to greater labor efficiency & time savings in loading$/$unloading freightRoRo vessels carry bargesTanker ships may carry bulk commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses, and wine. Flag question: Question $13$Question $133$ ptsThe largest amount of international trade cargo is shipped by what type of ocean vessel?Group of answer choicesRoRo shipTanker shipContainer shipLASH shipBreak$-$bulk $($general cargo$)$ ship Flag question: Question $14$Question $143$ ptsOver $90\%$ of all international trade is transported byGroup of answer choicesrail carriers using a land bridgeocean carriersair carrierstruck carriers using a land bridge Flag question: Question $15$Question $153$ ptsAn ocean carrier that transports cargo on$-$demand, with no specific route or published schedule, is what type of carrier?Group of answer choicesTrampUberLinerAll cargo Flag question: Question $16$Question $163$ ptsAn ocean carrier that transports cargo on a fixed route with a published schedule is what type of carrier?Group of answer choicesLinerSteamship ConferencePrivateTramp Flag question: Question $17$Question $173$ ptsWhich of the following is NOT an international Air Carrier for cargo?Group of answer choicesall$-$cargo carrierLASH carrierexpress carrierair parcel postpassenger air carrier Flag question: Question $18$Question $183$ ptsThe main purpose of the land bridge concept is toGroup of answer choicesincrease U$.$S$.$ trade with Europe & Asiaincrease the price of U$.$S$.$ exports to Europe & Asia to benefit U$.$S$.$ exporterslower the cost of transporting goods between Europe & Asiaavoid ship bottlenecks at the Panama Canal Flag question: Question $19$Question $193$ ptsWhich of the following uses a mini$-$bridge?Group of answer choicestrade between Europe and West Coast locations in the U$.$S$.$trade between Europe and Asiatrade between Europe and East Coast locations in the U$.$S$.$trade between Asia and West Coast locations in the U$.$S$.$ Flag question: Question $20$Question $203$ ptsMost airline revenues come fromGroup of answer choicesAir Parcel PostPassenger travel.Freight shipments from carriers such as FedEx & UPSPassenger Carrier Belly Freight Flag question: Question $21$Question $213$ ptsGreat Plains Airlines has annual operating revenues of $$500$ million, providing scheduled service between Kansas City and smaller cities in the Great Plains. This airline would be classified in which air carrier category?Group of answer choicesPrivateRegionalNationalMajor Flag question: Question $22$Question $223$ ptsThe Husker Get$-$a$-$Clue Corporation has a fractional ownership stake in NetJets which they use to transport their employees to various business locations. What type of carrier is 'Husker Get$-$a$-$Clue'?Group of answer choicesCommuterPrivateCharterRegional Flag question: Question $23$Question $233$ ptsWhich of the following is an advantage of the hub$-$and$-$spoke system?Group of answer choicesreduced airport congestionreduced air traffic congestionreduced travel time for passengersreduced cost per seat$-$mile Flag question: Question $24$Question $243$ ptsCompetition in the passenger airline industry isGroup of answer choiceshigh between airlines & other modes of passenger transportationhigh among hub$-$and$-$spoke network carriers, low among point$-$to$-$point low cost carrierslow among all carriershigh among all carriers Flag question: Question $25$Question $253$ ptsA passenger air carrier connecting lower population areas with a specific major carrier at a large airport is aGroup of answer choicesPrivate carrierCharterNationalCommuter Flag question: Question $26$Question $263$ ptsAn air carrier with annual revenues of less than $$100$ million is aGroup of answer choicesNational.Regional.Major.Charter. Flag question: Question $27$Question $273$ ptsSome economies of scale exist in air transportation. This explains theGroup of answer choiceslarge number of merger$/$acquisitions in the airline industrysuccess of Point$-$to$-$Point carriersstrong growth in the Business Aviation sector.strong growth of Low$-$Cost Carriers. Flag question: Question $28$Question $283$ ptsWhich of the following statements is true?Group of answer choicesHigh technology of new aircraft increases variable costs for air carriers.Government funding of major capital expenditures decreases fixed costs for air carriers.High labor costs increases fixed costs for air carriers.Low fuel efficiency decreases variable costs for air carriers Flag question: Question $29$Question $293$ ptsWhich characterization of the air transportation industry today is most accurate? Group of answer choicesAir transport is getting increasingly dangerous.Low$-$Cost Carriers have lost market share.Individual Network Carriers have increased in size and decreased in number due to mergersCargo air carriers have lost market share due to higher rates than other modes of freight transportation. Flag question: Question $30$Question $303$ ptsWhich is NOT a feature of the Southwest Airlines market model used by most Low$-$Cost Carriers $($LCC$)?$Group of answer choicespredominant use of the point$-$to$-$point systemcut movies, food service, & other amenities to lower costsuse of many types of aircraft to better match aircraft size to the passenger density of each flight.initiated program to reduce fuel costs by hedging in commodity futures market. Flag question: Question $31$Question $313$ ptsWhich is an advantage of the Point$-$to$-$Point system vs$.$ the Hub$-$and$-$Spoke system?Group of answer choicesCarriers have lower operating costs due to higher capacity utilization of larger planesPassengers have no connecting flightsPassengers have increased access to more destinations.Carriers need fewer flights to serve their customers Flag question: Question $32$Question $323$ ptsWhich is NOT an advantage of using Business Aviation? Group of answer choicesSchedule Flexibility$/$ReliabilityCheaper than commercial airlinesTime savings due to non$-$stop service $($no connections$)$Quick access to many highly efficient airports not served by commercial airlines Flag question: Question $33$Question $334$ ptsMatch the type of Business Aviation with its description.Group of answer choicesWhole Aircraft Ownership$*$ acquisition of a partial interest in an aircraft, with the advantage of using other aircraft provided in the program.On$-$Demand Charter$[$ Choose $]$Block Charter & Block Frax$[$ Choose $]$Fractional Ownership$[$ Choose $]$