QUESTION $14$

Current changes in job design, which differ from the original Frederick Taylor approach that had little regard for the human element, include $\_\_\_\_\_.$

a$.$ bringing top management down to the lowest level within the workplace by doing away with the formal organization structure

b$.$ creating clear and distinct lines of authority and responsibility

c$.$ designing the work of employees so as to improve productivity and worker job satisfaction

d$.$ redesigning jobs so that each person has explicit job descriptions

e$.$ answers b and d