Question 1
(a) Explain the term "deemed to be included" and its cost implication when used in the Construction Electronic Measurement Standard (CEMS).(6 marks)

(b) With the aid of diagrams, identify and explain the "minimum deductions" rule in the CEMS.(8 marks)

(c) Identify the relevant CEMS clauses and explain how the "minimum deductions" rule is applied when measuring brick walls and roof coverings.(6 marks)

Question 2
Identify the relevant Construction Electronic Measurement Standard (CEMS) clauses and illustrate with examples how wall finishes are to be measured for works where suspended ceilings are to be installed with cornices and without cornices. Explain the rationale for such rules.
(10 marks)