Question $1$:

A pipeline processor has $10$ stages and executes a program having $200$ instructions. Conditional

branch operations are $20\%$ of the total instructions. In addition, $90\%$ of the conditional branches

are predicted correctly. Each branch misprediction incurs a penalty of $5$ cycles due to pipeline

flushing. Furthermore, load operations are $20\%$ of the total instructions and lead to$,$ on average,

$2$ stall cycles per load operation.

$($a$)$ Evaluate the average number of cycles per instruction $($CPI$)$ for this pipelined processor.

$($b$)$ Let CPI in $($a$)$ turns out to be $1+x.$ To reduce CPI further to $1+\frac{x}{2}$ by reducing only the $2$

cycles RAW hazards penalty, what will be the new penalty for RAW hazards.