Question $1$

a$)$ What are the basic raw materials used for the manufacture of Portland cement in Saudi Arabia?

b$)$ What are the minor oxides in Portland cement? And why they are imp ortant

c$)$ Which compounds in the clinker grains is least desirable in cement and why $?$

d$)$ Which compounds contributes most to early strength development?

e$)$ Write the chemical reactions of $C_{2}S$ with water $.$

f$)$ What is the main difference in chemical composition between type I and type IV cement?

g$)$ What type of cement would you recommend for mass concrete? Explain briefly $.$

h$)$ What is the difference between type V cement and type II cement?

i$)$ What is meant by loss on ignition? and why it is important?

j$)$ What is the main difference in raw materials between type I white cement and type I gray cement