Question $1$: Analyzing Flight Data for an Aviation Company

Objective: The objective of this assignment is to introduce intermediate Python programming concepts such as strings, functions, and lists. By the end of this assignment, you will be able to manipulate strings, create and use functions, and work with lists to solve a more complex problem related to analyzing flight data for an aviation company.

Scenario: You are a data analyst for an aviation company. The company operates multiple flights, and you need to analyze the flight data to provide insights. The program should be able to calculate the average $($mean$),$ median, and mode of flight durations, identify the flight with the longest duration, and categorize flights based on their duration.

Problem Statement: Write a Python program that:

Takes user input for a list of flight numbers and their corresponding durations $($in minutes$).$

Calculates the average $($mean$)$ flight duration.

Calculates the median flight duration.

Calculates the mode of the flight durations.

Identifies the flight with the longest duration.

Categorizes flights into "Short$-$haul" $($less than $3$ hours$),$ "Medium$-$haul" $(3$ to $6$ hours$),$ and "Long$-$haul" $($more than $6$ hours$).$

Prints the results in a formatted string.

Assumptions:

The user will provide the list of flight numbers and their corresponding durations.

Each flight has only one duration associated with it$.$

The list will contain at least one flight.

Instructions: $($Optional to follow instructions!$)$

Define a function calculate$\_$mean that takes a list of durations and returns the average $($mean$)$ duration.

Define a function calculate$\_$median that takes a list of durations and returns the median duration.

Define a function calculate$\_$mode that takes a list of durations and returns the mode duration. If there is no mode, print the entire list of durations.

Define a function find$\_$longest$\_$flight that takes a list of flight numbers and their corresponding durations, and returns the flight number with the longest duration. In case there are multiple flights with the same longest duration, return just the first longest flight

Define a function categorize$\_$flights that takes a list of flight numbers and their corresponding durations, and returns a dictionary categorizing flights into "Short$-$haul", "Medium$-$haul", and "Longhaul".

Use user input to create the list of flight numbers and durations.

Call the defined functions to calculate the mean, median, mode, longest flight, and categorize flights, and print the results.

Deliverables:

A Python script that includes the defined functions and the main program logic.

The script should prompt the user for input and print the average $($mean$)$ duration, median duration, mode duration, the flight with the longest duration, and the categorized flights in a formatted string.

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Sample Output $1$:

Enter the number of flights: $5$

Enter flight number: CX$001$

Enter duration for flight CX$001($in minutes$)$: $500$

Enter flight number: CX$002$

Enter duration for flight CX$002($in minutes$)$: $150$

Enter flight number: CX$003$

Enter duration for flight CX$003($in minutes$)$: $300$

Enter flight number: CX$004$

Enter duration for flight CX$004($in minutes$)$: $350$

Enter flight number: CX$005$

Enter duration for flight CX$005($in minutes$)$: $60$

Mean duration: $272\mathrm{.}00$ minutes

Median duration: $300\mathrm{.}00$ minutes

Mode duration:

$[500\mathrm{.}0,150\mathrm{.}0,300\mathrm{.}0,350\mathrm{.}0,60\mathrm{.}0]$ minutes

Longest flight: CX$001$

Categorized flights:

Short$-$haul: $[\text{'}$CX$002\text{'},\text{'}$CX$005\text{'}]$

Medium$-$haul: $[\text{'}$CX$003\text{'},\text{'}$CX$004\text{'}]$

Long$-$haul: $[\text{'}$CX$001\text{'}]$

Sample Output $2$:

Enter the number of flights: $5$

Enter flight number: DXB$01$

Enter duration for flight DXB$01($in minutes$)$: $100$

Enter flight number: DXB$02$

Enter duration for flight DXB$02($in minutes$)$: $300$

Enter flight number: DXB$03$

Enter duration for flight DXB$03($in minutes$)$: $100$

Enter flight number: DXB$04$

Enter duration for flight DXB$04($in minutes$)$: $400$

Enter flight number: DXB$05$

Enter duration for flight DXB$05($in minutes$)$: $200$

Mean duration: $220\mathrm{.}00$ minutes

Median duration: $200\mathrm{.}00$ minutes

Mode duration: $100\mathrm{.}0$ minutes

Longest flight: DXB$04$

Categorized flights:

Short$-$haul: $[\text{'}$DXB$01\text{'},\text{'}$DXB$03\text{'}]$

Medium$-$haul: $[\text{'}$DXB$02\text{'},\text{'}$DXB$05\text{'}]$

Long$-$haul: $[\text{'}$DXB$04\text{'}]$

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